How Technology Has Impacted Criminal Investigation Essay

How Technology has Impacted Criminal Investigation? Today, technology has affected our global surroundings in a number of ways. Technology has created a more advanced society and economy. We use technology in every aspect of life today. New innovations and technology helps create a safer atmosphere and reduces the rate of crime. Technology is the usage and knowledge of techniques or is systems of these things. Usage of technology in the criminal justice system is not new but more apparent today. Technology in criminal justice will continue to challenge us to think about how we turn information into knowledge. Due to new technology, criminal investigations are able to maintain and improve their processes. Forensic science, DNA, other†¦show more content†¦Now a day’s evidence can change a person’s life in the blink of an eye. â€Å"People were often punished for crimes based on the word of one or two individuals, with little concern given to sorting out the t ruth of the affair† (Hunter 12). But today a person must be tried and some physical evidence is needed in order for a person to be convicted of a crime. â€Å"Forensic science has become in the early 21st century what the space race was in the 1960s- an accessible and inspiring (Gaensslen) into the world of science† (Gaensslen ix). This may be true but forensic has not always existed forever. Many people began hearing about forensic science during the 1990s when many of crime shows became popular. In actuality forensic science goes as far back as ancient China. Sculptors used fingerprints to identify their artwork from that of others. This may not be what forensics has evolved into but it had to begin somewhere. The first text reference of forensics first showed up in Hsi Duan Yu, which was published in about 700 CE (Hunter 18). It noted that many bodies have various characteristics that make them different. Many of the early forensic advances took place in the 1700 and 1800s. In 1784 the physical matching of evidence began. It was first used in the case of John Toms to link him and a piece of pistol wadding to a murder (Lotter). From then on forensics began to grow exponentially. â€Å"A major landmark in forensic science, the discovery thatShow MoreRelatedInvestigation Of A Criminal Investigation Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesInvestigation Research A criminal investigator can be described as an individual who collects, records, and analyzes evidence and information related to a criminal offense. The main goal of criminal investigation is to discover the truth regarding the events and processes that contributed to the occurrence of a criminal offense. Generally, the investigative process has four major objectives i.e. establishing the occurrence of an offense, determining and arresting the suspect, recovering stolenRead MoreCsi Effect Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesis the use of science and technology to investigate and establish facts in criminal courts of law (free-dictionary, n.d). But there is an upcoming issue which involves the exaggerated details of forensics science. This paper explores the CSI Effect, compares and contrasts criminalistics which involves the nature of the crime and criminology which is the study of the criminal behavior, explores how criminalistics and criminology is fictionally portrayed in the medi a and how the CSI Effect influencesRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagesdress and behave, but also there are many changes in forms of entertainment. 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This era also brought to the attention of agencies that there was a lack of cooperation between police and communities and community policingRead MoreThe Evolution of Forensic Science699 Words   |  3 Pagesterm that refers to the use of science or technology in a court room environment. Forensic science plays an important role in modern popular culture; the police procedural is highly dependent upon cutting-edge forensic science. Moreover, many people are aware of the impact of DNA testing on the modern criminal justice landscape. However, forensic science actually predates many modern scientific advances; almost as long as there have been controversies, there has been some type of forensic science. Read MoreHistory Of Police. The United States’ Early Policing Was1265 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of Police The United States’ early policing was rooted in the ancient system of British common law (Reppetto, 2010). The system depended heavily on watch groups and citizen volunteers. 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Recrystallization Free Essays

Most important method for the purification of organic solids ; Separation of compounds based on differences in solubility between the compound of interest and its contaminants ; Basic technique: 1 . Dissolve impure sample in an â€Å"appropriate† hot solvent Part A: Choosing a Solvent Part B: Purification of Phonetic 2. Cool solution slowly to induce crystal growth 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Recrystallization or any similar topic only for you Order Now Filter resulting mixture to isolate crystals Reading: Mooring, Hammond Chats Chi. 15 pigs 183-197 Chi. 0 pigs 104-113 Chi. 14 pigs 174-182 ; Scale: 5-10 MGM coverer based research – a new material prepared in a lab 1,000 keg + commercial applications – sugar refining, synthesis of pharmaceutical agents, etc. ; Molecular selection pure substance aggregation begins – based on size, shape, functionality molecules deposit on growing surface in orderly manner, excluding those of different size of shape if deposition occurs too quickly, an impure substance can result crystal defects incorporated impurities Rationalization Steps 1 . Choose an appropriate solvent – compound (solid) should be soluble when solvent is hot – compound should be insoluble when solvent is cold may require some trial error 2. Dissolve impure compound in the minimum amount of hot solvent – too much solvent compound may not come out when cool 3. Decolonize solution if needed with activated charcoal (Norris) – skip this step if no/ few colored impurities are present – be sure your compound is not supposed to be colored! 4. Filter off any insoluble materials – insoluble impurities and/or activated charcoal – done while solution is hot 5. Slowly cool the resulting solution to induce crystallization temperature, then in an ice bath – if no crystals form: scratch flask with glass rod or ad a seed crystal to the solution – first cool to room – these methods provide a nucleation point for crystallization 6. Collect and wash the crystals – collection typically by filtration (large quantities) – for small quantities can remove solvent with a pipette – wash crystals with a small amount of ice cold solvent – filtrate (â€Å"mother liquor†) can be concentrated to get â€Å"2nd crop† 7. Dry the crystals thoroughly – apply vacuum continue suction until crystals are dry – dry crystals further under vacuum in a side arm test tube – can also press solids between two pieces of filter paper Factors that Influence Melting Point ; Melting Point: point of equilibrium between crystalline liquid states point at which a crystal goes from solid to liquid ; Temperature at which a compound melts is typically a range Factors that influence melting point temperatures: 1. Intermolecular forces start: temperature at which first drop of liquid forms a. Van deer Walls interactions very weak end: temperature at which all solid has turned to liquid b. Dipole-dipole interactions e. G. 82-ICC ; Why do we care about melting point? 1. Can be used to help identify substances ampere pm of unknown substance with that of known substance result from popularization of bonds c. Hydrogen bonding compounds having O-H or N-H bonds d. Ionic forces take a â€Å"mixed† melting point 2. Is an indicator of purity pure samples have narrow pm ranges (0. – 2 co) impure samples melt over a broader range (ICC) are depressed very strong 2. Shape ; strength nature of intermolecular interactions impact melting point temperature Melting Point as an Indicator of Purity ; In a pure sample, all surface molecules need the same energy to escape. Leads to a narrow melting point range. For melting to occur, surface molecules must have enough energy to break free. Stronger in termolecular interactions = more energy required for molecules to â€Å"escape†. Translates to a higher pm. ; In an impure sample, intermolecular forces are disrupted in the region of the impurity. Less energy thus required for surface molecules to break free. Crystal begins to liquefy at a lower temperature ; structural features that influence how molecules pack together impact melting point temperature symmetrical compounds typically have higher melting points features that disrupt crystal lattice lower melting point Next Week Experiment 2: Rationalization Melting Point A. Choosing a Solvent identify an appropriate solvent for the rationalization of phonetic B. Purification of Phonetic purify the impure solid evaluate success by melting point TTL Come prepared. You will get only one sample of phonetic DUE: Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report (expo 1) Lab Reports are due at the beginning of your regular lab session ; Still some regions without impurities. Additional energy required for surface molecules in these regions to break free. End result is that melting point range is broadened Experimental Details – Part A – prepare a hot water bath begin heating as soon as you arrive in lab – put a spatula tip of the impure compound into a small test tube no need to get an accurate mass – to the 1st tube, add 0. 5-1 ml of one of the solvents to be tested 10-20 drops (1 drop = ca. 0. Ml) – evaluate behavior: upon addition of solvent, when hot, when cold if compound dissolves upon addition, no need to go further if solids remain, heat in hot water bath to near boiling How to cite Recrystallization, Papers

Racial/Ethnic Inequality

Question: What factors drive immigration? How does immigration policy affect the fabric of the American society? What role does immigration play in the American society historically, currently, and in the future? How would a border-free immigration policy impact the social and economic system? Answer: Factors driving immigration: Many of the factors which influence the migration are quite hard to judge. The social, economic, and the political factors are exceptionally much more difficult to predict it precisely; but judgements can be made which are based upon the current condition and situations. The ecological disruption is quite easier to pre-empt for the reason that there are a large number of bodies of scientific evidence which enables us to suggest that these factors may be an important cause for concern in the future. The environmental modelling, plus worsening of the food as well as the water security in so many of the countries, clearly states that the ecological issues have already begun to present complications and challenges all around the world. These ecological factors have got significant potential to become ever enhancing forces that influence the migration in the 21stcentury. Thus, among the most important the Socio-political, ecological and the economic factors, mainly drive the process of mi gration. Numerous numbers of domestic or the push factors can encourage or force an individuals to exit living in their home country and migrate (Aguila, 2011). Thus, stay and other conditions those are available in the other foreign states which are also called as the pull forces influences the people and lure them for the fulfilment of the goal to migrate. Immigration policy affecting the fabric of the American society: The Immigration policy has transformed the USA as a kind of nation since the entry of the first newcomers in almost last 400 years. Besides being a very strong demographic force which is responsible how the nation and its people became what they actually are at present, immigration has widely contributed too many economic, political and social processes which are foundational to the US as a nation (Berke, Jablonski, Krug Valentine, 2014). There are some who argue that the historically high removals increase public safety, the nations security and the law, while others support that the system carries along with very severe mankind costs to children, families, communities, plus the tears at the fabric of the US socially. The US has always been a nation of the people immigrants. The entry door at sometimes may not be completely wide open for the people who wish to immigrate in it, but on the other hand they are not completely restricted or shut as well (Pisani Perez-Batres, 2012). The present debate which concerns the wisdom of comparatively much higher rates of the immigration is in no sense a new one; it has stretched back even at times of the colonial inhabitants. Serious concerns about the immigration effects on the economical prospective growth of the natives born in the country, on the population growth, plus at the capability of the immigrants to settle themselves and live have always been on high concerns areas. Role of immigration: In the year 1994, the number of the legal immigrants was approximately 800,000, which was considerably very small as compared to the number in the peak year of the 20th century which witnessed around 1.3 million immigrants in the year 1913. Also, the local resident population has almost grown by 3 times in the twentieth century, the immigrants in the early decades showed much comparative higher proportion which was 13 immigrants/1,000 residents in 1913, as compared to 3 immigrants/1,000 residents by 1994 (Battisti, 2014). The immigration then played much greater task in the population growth in respect to the eight years ago: it nearly was almost 37 percent of the total development, partly as a matter of fact due to the fall of the fertility rates of the residents. Apart from that the legal immigrants admitted/applied for PR which stands for the permanent residence, In 1994 some 21 million visitors were admitted for short stays visas, which included tourists, students, short-term employed employees in the international companies. Most of them do not stay for tenure which may be just a few weeks, while many of them live in the US for so many years; some even broke the legal rules and stayed much more than the allowed time (Wong, 2007). Many of the Americans are of the belief that free or easy immigration shall destroy working class citizens to live peacefully and earn a livelihood. They even believe that allowing open and free immigration to the soughing immigrants can put the decent as well as the hard-working Americans citizens out of employment opportunities. These US citizens also fear that the immigrants shall come out to work in America at much comparative lesser salary and provide equal output of the country, and shall ultimately kick their jobs away from them, But this is compulsorily required to be put into the minds of the local citizens that the freer trade and open borders which are made for the agreed immigrants is for the good of them as well (Rosenfeld, 2014). By enhancing the philosophy of this kind of free and open labour mobility, the country shall be benefitted on the account of productivity, entrepreneurship and also ingenuity. This open market for the immigrants labour shall at the end benefit the growth of the country and increase the production of the concerned country and shall also improve the standard of living of each and every residing there. Free immigration policy impacts the social and economic system: These issues are real complex researches, which involves the speculation and the public discourse which often run much more ahead of the conclusive research results. Without having any kind of fear in the history/past about the negative effects of the immigration on social fabric and any other sense of negative impacts on the country. Early and important findings conclude that some of the recent immigrants especially the Asian Americansclearly matches with the native-born whites in the fields of occupational and educational, although might not be equal in incomes. The residential segregation is yet another measure of the social difference (Rowthorn, 2008). Many of the recent immigrants like to stay and cluster in neighbourhoods of people from their home country, but this has also been noticed that some of them get mixed up in the local community of people and do not bother to compulsorily stay near and around their home immigrants as they are. The second important charge which impacts the immigration as far as the economy of the US is concerned is the economic theory. This theory states the possible effects which may happen on the employment plus the salaries of the domestic workers, along with the United States trade relationships with other countries all across the globe, the percentage rate of growth of the economy of the nation, and the prices which is paid by the residents to buy services and goods. In order to study these issues, the jury/panel depends on the theoretical insights which states the expected effects which would come out and also on the empirical estimates of the percentage of the real effects (Amit Riss, 2007). The profits for the local economy come from so many of the reliable sources that show that the effect of the immigration is a fruitful process of the country in concern. In concern to the production side, immigration freely allows the local workers to be utilized much more productive, especially for the production of such goods to which they are comparatively more accurate and efficient. The specialization in the consumption too yields a profit. It is assumed that the United States economy is clearly characterized by the continuous returns to the scalewhich is, economic, social growth in size and also the scale of the countrys economy, which neither reduces and nor enhances the labour productivity and the capital productivity in comparison to the current levels (Balestrini, Flood Flockton, 2011). References Aguila, J. (2011). The Role of Ethics Within the Contemporary Immigration Debate.Teaching Ethics,11(2), 63-79. Amit, K., Riss, I. (2007). The Role of Social Networks in the Immigration Decision-making Process: The Case of North American Immigration to Israel.Immigrants Minorities,25(3), 290-313. Balestrini, P., Flood, C., Flockton, C. (2011). How Identity Interacts with Economic and Societal Rationality to Drive Public Opinion on the European Union. The Role of Crime, Unemployment and Immigration.Perspectives On European Politics And Society,12(2), 121-138. Battisti, D. (2014). Ellis Island Nation: Immigration Policy and American Identity in the Twentieth Century by Robert L. Fleegler.Register Of The Kentucky Historical Society,112(4), 698-700. Berke, S., Jablonski, D., Krug, A., Valentine, J. (2014). Origination and Immigration Drive Latitudinal Gradients in Marine Functional Diversity.Plos ONE,9(7), e101494. Edo, A. (2015). The Impact of Immigration on Native Wages and Employment.The B.E. Journal Of Economic Analysis Policy,15(3). Pisani, M., Perez-Batres, L. (2012). Immigration: impacts on society business.American Journal Of Business,27(1). Rosenfeld, R. (2014). The Strange Career of Immigration in American Criminological Research.Criminology Public Policy,13(2), 281-283. Rowthorn, R. (2008). The fiscal impact of immigration on the advanced economies.Oxford Review Of Economic Policy,24(3), 560-580. Wong, C. (2007). The Role of Immigration in the Designing of the American Nation.Diaspora,16(1-2), 265-272.